s After the Napoleonic Wars interstate war regularly occurred throughout the Western Hemisphere—until in matter of decades it disappeared. After the 1930s even low-level militarized interstate conflict became less frequent, shorter, and less severe over time. What explains the change in this specific region and historical jucture? We argue that leaders in the Americas identified territorial disputes and foreign intervention as interrelated problems that frequently caused the interstate war. In response, they developed a unique regional norm-complex that bundled together the norms of territorial integrity and non-intervention with the principle of peaceful conflict resolution. This norm complex emerged via Latin American entrepreneurship shortly after independence, cascaded with Pan-Americanism, and crystallized around the signature of the Saavedra Lamas Treaty in the early 1930s. We explain how, why, and when norm complexes develop. We then investigate the evolution and effects of the Latin American norm complex via statistics and within-case counterfactuals. We conclude that interstate war disappeared from the Americas with the acceptance and codification of this norm-complex.

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萨维德拉喇嘛和平：规范复合体如何演变和具体化以消除美洲战争

拿破仑战争之后，整个西半球经常发生国家间战争，直到几十年后才消失。 20 世纪 30 年代之后，随着时间的推移，即使是低级别的军事化国家间冲突也变得不那么频繁、持续时间更短、严重程度也更低。如何解释这一特定地区和历史关口的变化？我们认为，美洲领导人将领土争端和外国干预视为相互关联的问题，经常引发国家间战争。作为回应，他们制定了独特的区域规范体系，将领土完整和不干涉的规范与和平解决冲突的原则捆绑在一起。这种规范复合体是在独立后不久通过拉丁美洲的企业家精神而出现的，与泛美主义相结合，并在 1930 年代初签署《萨维德拉喇嘛条约》时具体化。我们解释了规范情结如何、为何以及何时发展。然后，我们通过统计数据和案例内反事实调查拉丁美洲规范复合体的演变和影响。我们得出的结论是，随着这一复杂规范的接受和编纂，国家间战争从美洲消失了。