Nature-based Solutions (NBS) is a conceptual framework that seeks to use properties of nature to co-produce ecosystem services to build climate change resilience and improve quality of life by mitigating the relationship between health inequality and socio-economic adversity. This study investigates how the distribution of these forms of urban nature relate to trends in demographic change and social and economic indicators that influence material aspects of quality of life (QoL) in cities. Using macro-scale spatial mapping and descriptive pattern identification, we examine the relationship of distribution trends in the key characteristics of NBS across European cities and social and material factors that influence QoL. Our findings suggest that less than 6% of NBS aim to address poverty or deprivation and fewer than 25% relate to housing or neighbourhood regeneration. We argue inattention to the complex intersectional relationship of socio-economic disparities, historical structural conditions, and the impact of changes to the structural policy on economic convergence across regions leading to the concept being used to address green-growth imperatives in Western Europe rather than mitigate inequalities across eastern and parts of Southern Europe. Failure to address these considerations in the design and deployment of NBS could lead to cities reinforcing or even worsening inequalities within deprived communities, particularly in these areas.

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基于自然的解决方案在欧洲各城市的分布

基于自然的解决方案（NBS）是一个概念框架，旨在利用自然属性共同生产生态系统服务，通过减轻健康不平等和社会经济逆境之间的关系来增强气候变化抵御能力并提高生活质量。本研究调查了这些城市自然形式的分布与人口变化趋势以及影响城市生活质量（QoL）物质方面的社会和经济指标之间的关系。利用宏观尺度的空间测绘和描述性模式识别，我们研究了欧洲城市 NBS 主要特征的分布趋势与影响生活质量的社会和物质因素之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明，只有不到 6% 的国家统计局旨在解决贫困或匮乏问题，不到 25% 的目标与住房或社区重建有关。我们认为，由于忽视了社会经济差异、历史结构条件以及结构性政策变化对跨地区经济趋同的复杂交叉关系，导致这一概念被用来解决西欧的绿色增长要求，而不是缓解东欧和南欧部分地区的不平等。如果在国家统计局的设计和部署中未能考虑到这些因素，可能会导致城市加剧甚至加剧贫困社区内的不平等，特别是在这些地区。