There is a well‐established relationship between physical activity (PA) and physical fitness in children, being the latter an important marker for present and future health; however, there is still insufficient knowledge for the transition from the preschool age to early childhood. Therefore, this study in Swedish children aimed to investigate the estimated effect of meeting the aerobic component of the PA guidelines at 4 and/or 9 years of age on physical fitness measured at 9 years of age. PA was assessed using a wrist‐worn ActiGraph accelerometer and identical data processing in 217 healthy children in Sweden (114 boys and 103 girls). Physical fitness test included cardiorespiratory (20 m shuttle run test), motor (4 × 10 m shuttle run), and muscular fitness (hand grip strength and long jump). A linear mixed model was run, investigating the interaction between meeting the PA guidelines and time (either 4 or 9 years of age) and each fitness component (at 4 and 9). Interactions by sex were also checked. Meeting the PA guidelines consistently (at 4 and 9 years) was significantly associated to better performance in physical fitness parameters for motor fitness (−0.76 s, p < 0.001) and lower body muscular fitness (+4.6 cm; p < 0.001) at 9 years. There was an interaction between meeting the PA guidelines and time point, for cardiorespiratory fitness (+4.58 laps; p < 0.001). This study shows that meeting the PA guidelines at 4 and 9 years of age is associated to higher physical fitness at 9 years of age.

中文翻译：

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从学前班到儿童期符合世界卫生组织身体活动指南和身体健康的纵向关联

儿童体力活动 (PA) 与身体健康之间存在明确的关系，后者是当前和未来健康的重要标志；然而，对于从学龄前过渡到幼儿期的认识仍然不足。因此，这项针对瑞典儿童的研究旨在调查 4 岁和/或 9 岁时满足 PA 指南中的有氧运动成分对 9 岁时测量的身体健康的估计影响。使用腕戴式 ActiGraph 加速度计和相同的数据处理对瑞典 217 名健康儿童（114 名男孩和 103 名女孩）进行 PA 评估。体能测试包括心肺（20m往返跑测试）、运动（4×10m往返跑）、肌肉体能（手握力、跳远）。运行了一个线性混合模型，研究了满足 PA 指南和时间（4 岁或 9 岁）与每个健身组成部分（4 岁和 9 岁）之间的相互作用。还检查了性别之间的相互作用。始终如一地满足 PA 指南（4 岁和 9 岁时）与运动健康的体能参数更好的表现显着相关（−0.76 s，p< 0.001) 和下半身肌肉健康度 (+4.6 cm;p< 0.001) 9 岁时。满足 PA 指南和心肺健康时间点之间存在交互作用（+4.58 圈；p< 0.001）。这项研究表明，在 4 岁和 9 岁时达到 PA 指南与 9 岁时较高的身体素质相关。