What shapes the host population’s willingness to accept refugees into social, economic, and political life in their country? We argue that refugees’ ethnicity plays a key role—both directly and indirectly—in shaping support for having refugees as neighbors and for granting them a work permit or citizenship. Fielding a conjoint experiment in Turkey (N = 2,362), we find that locals discriminate against Syrian Arab and Kurdish refugees compared to Turkomans. Although a university degree, social ties with locals, and knowledge of language boost prorefugee attitudes, ethnic bias may attenuate their effect. For example, local language knowledge increases support for Arab refugee profiles, but only when it comes to granting them a work permit, but not having them as neighbors or granting citizenship. In contrast, it increases support for profiles of Turkomans and Kurds in all the three domains. Thus, strategies such as learning the local language may not advance all refugees in all domains.

中文翻译：

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没有逆境的多样性？共同宗教社会中对难民的种族偏见

是什么决定了东道国民众接受难民进入本国社会、经济和政治生活的意愿？我们认为，难民的种族在形成对难民作为邻居的支持以及向他们授予工作许可证或公民身份方面发挥着直接和间接的关键作用。在土耳其进行联合实验（N = 2,362），我们发现与土库曼人相比，当地人歧视叙利亚阿拉伯和库尔德难民。尽管大学学位、与当地人的社会关系以及语言知识提高了支持难民的态度，但种族偏见可能会减弱其影响。例如，当地语言知识可以增加对阿拉伯难民资料的支持，但仅限于授予他们工作许可证，而不是让他们成为邻居或授予公民身份。相比之下，它增加了对所有三个领域土库曼人和库尔德人的支持。因此，学习当地语言等策略可能无法在所有领域促进所有难民的发展。