Hypertension is extremely common, affecting approximately 1 in every 2 adults globally. Chronic hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality worldwide. Despite considerable efforts to define mechanisms that underlie hypertension, a potentially major component of the disease, the role of circadian biology has been relatively overlooked in both preclinical models and humans. Although the presence of daily and circadian patterns has been observed from the level of the genome to the whole organism, the functional and structural impact of biological rhythms, including mechanisms such as circadian misalignment, remains relatively poorly defined. Here, we review the impact of daily rhythms and circadian systems in regulating blood pressure and the onset, progression, and consequences of hypertension. There is an emphasis on the impact of circadian biology in relation to vascular disease and end-organ effects that, individually or in combination, contribute to complex phenotypes such as cognitive decline and the loss of cardiac and brain health. Despite effective treatment options for some individuals, control of blood pressure remains inadequate in a substantial portion of the hypertensive population. Greater insight into circadian biology may form a foundation for novel and more widely effective molecular therapies or interventions to help in the prevention, treatment, and management of hypertension and its related pathophysiology.

中文翻译：

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高血压：血压昼夜节律的原因和后果

高血压极为常见，全球大约每 2 名成年人中就有 1 人患有高血压。慢性高血压是全世界心血管疾病和过早死亡的主要可改变危险因素。尽管人们付出了大量努力来定义高血压（该疾病的潜在主要组成部分）的机制，但昼夜节律生物学的作用在临床前模型和人类中相对被忽视。尽管从基因组水平到整个生物体都观察到了日常和昼夜节律模式的存在，但生物节律的功能和结构影响，包括昼夜节律失调等机制，仍然相对不明确。在这里，我们回顾了日常节律和昼夜节律系统对调节血压的影响以及高血压的发病、进展和后果。人们强调昼夜节律生物学对血管疾病和终末器官效应的影响，这些疾病和终末器官效应单独或组合起来会导致复杂的表型，例如认知能力下降以及心脏和大脑健康的丧失。尽管对某些人有有效的治疗选择，但对相当一部分高血压人群来说，血压控制仍然不够。对昼夜节律生物学的更深入了解可能为新颖且更广泛有效的分子疗法或干预措施奠定基础，以帮助预防、治疗和管理高血压及其相关病理生理学。