The occurrence of rockburst disasters is closely related to the zonal deformation and failure of rock masses. To effectively monitor and understand the critical zones of surrounding rock damage, it is imperative to establish an extensive network of strain measurement stations. In this study, a comprehensive approach was adopted, integrating acoustic emission (AE), digital image correlation, and fiber Bragg grating demodulation techniques. According to the different deformation stages of the sample, the changes in AE counts and internal strains were analyzed, and the position changes of the AE event location, internal high-strain field, and surface-high-strain field were analyzed, and it was found that there was good spatial correlations among them. Based on the AE events’ counts and localization and internal strain, two new damage variables were proposed, and their numerical values and positions were used to analyze the evolution path of coal sample damage, which was found to match the actual fracture area of the specimen. Therefore, a novel comprehensive monitoring method combining the localization of AE events and internal strain fields is proposed to determine the position of high-damage areas. These research findings are of significant importance for accurately predicting the key areas leading to overall instability in coal–rock masses.

岩爆灾害的发生与岩体带状变形破坏密切相关。为了有效监测和了解围岩损伤的关键区域，必须建立广泛的应变测量站网络。在这项研究中，采用了综合方法，集成了声发射（AE）、数字图像相关和光纤布拉格光栅解调技术。根据样品的不同变形阶段，分析了AE计数和内部应变的变化，并分析了AE事件位置、内部高应变场、表面高应变场的位置变化，并发现它们之间存在良好的空间相关性。基于声发射事件的计数和定位以及内应变，提出了两个新的损伤变量，并利用它们的数值和位置来分析煤样损伤的演化路径，发现与试件的实际断裂面积相匹配。因此，提出了一种结合声发射事件定位和内应变场定位的新型综合监测方法来确定高损伤区域的位置。这些研究成果对于准确预测导致煤岩体整体失稳的关键区域具有重要意义。