A long-term goal of environmental science and Earth observation is to enable the creation of a “Model Web” of semantically interconnected data and models. Geospatial models are usually exposed on the Web as services accessible through heterogeneous interfaces. However, such services, which represent instances of the paradigm called Model-as-a-Service (MaaS), cannot be easily exploited beyond their original use as defined by the service provider. To overcome this important limitation and better support transparency, reproducibility, replicability and reusability of the model (following the Open Science paradigm), we investigated the adoption of a Model-as-a-Resource (MaaR) approach, in which a model is considered a generic digital resource that, as such, can play different roles in different potential use cases. The proposed MaaR framework can play an important enabling role in the realization of those digital ecosystems that generate environmental knowledge. The main challenges and opportunities are discussed in the manuscript.

中文翻译：

---

地球科学数字生态系统的模型即资源范式

环境科学和地球观测的长期目标是创建语义互连的数据和模型的“模型网”。地理空间模型通常作为可通过异构接口访问的服务公开在 Web 上。然而，此类服务代表了模型即服务 (MaaS) 范式的实例，无法轻易地利用超出服务提供商定义的原始用途。为了克服这一重要的限制并更好地支持模型的透明度、可重复性、可复制性和可重用性（遵循开放科学范式），我们研究了模型即资源（MaaR）方法的采用，其中考虑模型一种通用数字资源，因此可以在不同的潜在用例中发挥不同的作用。拟议的 MaaR 框架可以在实现那些生成环境知识的数字生态系统方面发挥重要的推动作用。主要挑战和机遇在手稿中进行了讨论。