Modeling complex eye diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma poses significant challenges, since these conditions depend highly on age-related changes that occur over several decades, with many contributing factors remaining unknown. Although both diseases exhibit a relatively high heritability of >50%, a large proportion of individuals carrying AMD- or glaucoma-associated genetic risk variants will never develop these diseases. Furthermore, several environmental and lifestyle factors contribute to and modulate the pathogenesis and progression of AMD and glaucoma.

中文翻译：

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模拟复杂的与年龄相关的眼部疾病

对年龄相关性黄斑变性 (AMD) 和青光眼等复杂眼部疾病进行建模提出了重大挑战，因为这些疾病高度依赖于几十年来发生的与年龄相关的变化，而许多影响因素仍然未知。尽管这两种疾病都表现出 >50% 的相对较高遗传力，但携带 AMD 或青光眼相关遗传风险变异的很大一部分个体永远不会患上这些疾病。此外，一些环境和生活方式因素会促进和调节 AMD 和青光眼的发病机制和进展。