CONTEXT Very preterm birth (<32 weeks) is associated with increased risk of developmental disorders. Emerging evidence suggests children born 32 to 38 weeks might also be at risk. OBJECTIVES To determine the relative risk and prevalence of being diagnosed with, or screening positive for, developmental disorders in children born moderately preterm, late preterm, and early term compared with term (≥37 weeks) or full term (39-40/41 weeks). DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, Psychinfo, Cumulative Index of Nursing, and Allied Health Literature. STUDY SELECTION Reported ≥1 developmental disorder, provided estimates for children born 32 to 38 weeks. DATA EXTRACTION A single reviewer extracted data; a 20% sample was second checked. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS Seventy six studies were included. Compared with term born children, there was increased risk of most developmental disorders, particularly in the moderately preterm group, but also in late preterm and early term groups: the relative risk of cerebral palsy was, for 32 to 33 weeks: 14.1 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 12.3-16.0), 34 to 36 weeks: 3.52 (95% CI: 3.16-3.92) and 37 to 38 weeks: 1.44 (95% CI: 1.32-1.58). LIMITATIONS Studies assessed children at different ages using varied criteria. The majority were from economically developed countries. All were published in English. Data were variably sparse; subgroup comparisons were sometimes based on single studies. CONCLUSIONS Children born moderately preterm are at increased risk of being diagnosed with or screening positive for developmental disorders compared with term born children. This association is also demonstrated in late preterm and early term groups but effect sizes are smaller.

中文翻译：

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妊娠 32 至 38 周出生的儿童发育障碍的风险：荟萃分析。

背景 极早产（<32 周）与发育障碍风险增加相关。新的证据表明，出生 32 至 38 周的儿童也可能面临风险。目的 确定中度早产儿、晚期早产儿和早产儿与足月（≥37 周）或足月（39-40/41 周）相比，被诊断患有发育障碍或筛查呈阳性的相对风险和患病率）。数据来源 Medline、Embase、Psychinfo、护理累积索引和联合健康文献。研究选择 报告≥1 种发育障碍，提供了 32 至 38 周出生儿童的估计值。数据提取 单个评审员提取数据；对 20% 的样本进行了第二次检查。使用随机效应荟萃分析汇总数据。结果 纳入了七十六项研究。与足月出生的儿童相比，大多数发育障碍的风险增加，特别是在中度早产组中，而且在晚期早产组和早期足月组中：脑瘫的相对风险为，32至33周：14.1（95％置信区间[CI]：12.3-16.0），34至36周：3.52（95% CI：3.16-3.92）和37至38周：1.44（95% CI：1.32-1.58）。局限性 研究使用不同的标准评估不同年龄的儿童。大多数来自经济发达国家。全部以英文出版。数据稀疏；亚组比较有时基于单一研究。结论 与足月出生的儿童相比，中度早产儿被诊断患有发育障碍或筛查呈阳性的风险更高。这种关联也在早产儿晚期和早产儿组中得到证实，但效应较小。