ABSTRACT

One of the most entrenched binary oppositions in archaeology and anthropology has been the agriculturalist vs hunter-gatherer-fisher dichotomy fuelling a debate that this paper tackles from the bottom-up by seeking to reconstruct full past diets. The Japanese prehistoric Jōmon cultures survived without fully-developed agriculture for more than 10,000 years. Here we compile a comprehensive, holistic database of archaeobotanical and archaeozoological records from the two ends of the archipelago, the northernmost prefecture of Hokkaido and the southernmost island-chain of Ryukyu. The results suggest Jōmon diets varied far more geographically than they did over time, and likely cultivated taxa were important in both regions. This provides the basis for examining how fisher-hunter-gatherer diets can fulfil nutritional requirements from varied environments and were resilient in the face of environmental change.

摘要

考古学和人类学中最根深蒂固的二元对立之一是农业学家与狩猎者-采集者-渔民的二分法，这引发了一场争论，本文通过寻求重建完整的过去饮食来自下而上地解决这一问题。日本史前绳文文化在农业不发达的情况下生存了一万多年。在这里，我们编制了一个全面、完整的数据库，记录了群岛两端、北海道最北端的县和琉球岛最南端的岛链的考古植物学和考古动物学记录。结果表明，绳文饮食在地理上的差异远大于随时间的推移而变化的差异，而且栽培类群可能在这两个地区都很重要。